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KMID : 0380620190510010070
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Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
2019 Volume.51 No. 1 p.70 ~ p.80
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Non-saponin fraction of red ginseng inhibits monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and inflammatory responses in vitro
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Kang Bo-Bin
Kim Chae-Young
Hwang Ji-Su
Choi Hyeon-Son
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Abstract
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of red ginseng-derived non-saponin fraction (NSF) on inflammatory responses and monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation in RAW264.7 and THP-1. NSF effectively inhibited inflammatory responses by downregulating nitric oxide (NO) production and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). NSF (2000 μg/mL) decreased the levels of NO, iNOS, and COX-2 by 33, 83, and 64%, respectively. NSF inhibited the differentiation of monocyte-to-macrophage by decreasing cell adherence along with downregulation of the cluster of differentiation molecule 11β (CD11β) and CD36. In addition, pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), were significantly reduced with NSF treatment. The NSF-mediated inhibition of inflammatory responses was due to the regulation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). NSF effectively suppressed the translocation of NF-κB into the nucleus, while nuclear Nrf2 and its target protein, heme oxygenase-1, levels were significantly increased.
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KEYWORD
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Non-saponin fraction of red ginseng, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), inflammatory responses, monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation
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